Commerce and Housing Credit is one of the smaller and most net-of-fees functions — about $25 billion in FY2024, often net-negative in non-crisis years because deposit insurance and mortgage insurance fees offset gross outlays. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA mortgage insurance) is the largest gross-spending piece, followed by residual costs of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the HUD housing-finance programs.
Other significant lines: the Patent and Trademark Office (largely fee-funded), the Census Bureau and economic statistics agencies (BEA's GDP and trade data), and the FDIC's deposit insurance fund — typically net-negative in non-banking-crisis years. The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law's BEAD broadband grants flow through NTIA in this function.